
LDT100x Wk 02 : Behaviorism
Behaviorism an overview created and edited by ahmed fahud.
implications of behaviorism for learning design
Instructional design is a multifaceted discipline that involves crafting effective and engaging learning experiences. Given its learner-centered and goal-oriented nature, it is logical to draw upon behaviorism, a theory that stems from objectivism, when developing learning objectives that emphasize observable and measurable behaviors.
A core driver of behaviorism in instructional design is that its principles provide clear and specific objectives and criteria for learning and assessment. While behaviorism may be less suitable for assessing complex cognitive skills like creativity and critical thinking, it remains highly effective for evaluating effects of knowledge on acquired skills.
While acknowledging its limitations, behaviorism remains an influential tool for instructional designers. Its emphasis on clear objectives, measurable outcomes, reinforcement, and feedback-driven learning continues to inform the design of effective learning experiences, especially for foundational knowledge and skills.
strengths and (limitations) of behaviorism
Integrating behaviorist principles into instruction design for enriching K-12 education, particularly in early grades, is like an 'open canvas' to try out multiple facets of learning in various permutations. In a sense capitalizing on children's natural curiosity while providing a structured learning environment.
Presented with the opportunity, children get to engage with diverse content - videos, books, audio recordings, and interactive games - through a dynamic eLearning platform that tracks progress, provides personalized immediate feedback, active engagement, problem solving and leverages gamification.
This approach allows for a fluid transition between digital learning and real-world application. For instance, children could learn about levers through a video and quiz on the platform, then apply this knowledge by constructing a lever using physical materials. This integration of digital and physical learning, coupled with clear instructions and positive reinforcement, creates a powerful learning environment.
While behaviorism does have limitations in assessing complex cognitive functions, such that assesing ones critical thinking skills, or permutational skills and the effects of emotional fluidity is toatlly disregarded, its focus on observable behaviors provides a valuable foundation for early learning. Moreover, potential drawbacks can be mitigated by incorporating elements from other learning theories and adopting a hybrid approach.
By carefully designing activities, providing clear objectives, and utilizing positive reinforcement, through available technologies and tools, possibilities are limitless for instructional designers, when it comes to creating objective and engaging learning platforms/materials.

online learning experience with behaviorism as the primary learning theory driving the activity
This learning scenario tackles the challenge of declining engagement with the Dhivehi language among Maldivian children (K - 5) by creating a gamified online learning platform (similar to Pressey's teaching machine, to reinforce learning). The program focuses on observable behaviors like reading frequency, quiz completion, and presentation participation to assess learning and promote language fluency.
The platform uses a variety of reinforcement strategies to motivate learners, including:
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Continuous reinforcement: Awarding badges for completing stories.
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Immediate feedback: Providing instant quiz results.
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Variable ratio reinforcement: Awarding badges for reading and quizzes on an unpredictable schedule.
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Positive reinforcement: Using badges, points, and encouraging feedback.
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Negative reinforcement (loss aversion): Implementing a point-loss system for inactivity.
The program also incorporates shaping by allowing children to start with easier tasks and gradually progress to more challenging ones. Social learning is encouraged through collaborative presentations and rewards (points and badges) for teamwork.
By analyzing data on these observable behaviors, the program aims to demonstrate an increase in children's engagement with Dhivehi content and improvement in their language skills. This approach leverages the strengths of behaviorism to create a fun, engaging, and effective learning experience that fosters a love for the Dhivehi language.
Primary Stimuli : Dhivehi Story Books, Badges, Presentation Tasks
Responses: Fluently Read Dhivehi and Present
a lesson framework
Gain Attention
The teacher captures attention with a short documentary or article in Dhivehi on a relevant socio-cultural topic, potentially using puppets for added engagement.
Inform Learners of the Objective
The teacher clearly states the daily topic and highlights key vocabulary words, possibly incorporating rhymes or repetition to enhance memorization.
Stimulate Recall of Prior Learning
Present the Content
Provide Learning Guidance
Elicit Performance
Provide Feedback
Assess Performance
Enhance Retention and Transfer
Students share their experiences related to the topic in Dhivehi, activating prior knowledge and fostering connections.
Students choose from a digital book, short documentary, or audio recording in Dhivehi, catering to diverse learning preferences.
The teacher encourages questions and provides clarifications to support comprehension and deeper understanding.
Students engage with the chosen content and earn badges for completion. They then complete multiple-choice questions with immediate feedback, receiving badges for correct answers (continuous reinforcement). As they progress, variable ratio reinforcement maintains motivation through unpredictable rewards. Students also deliver short presentations on learned topics.
The teacher provides constructive feedback on student presentations, highlighting areas for improvement and awarding variable ratio points and badges for exceptional performance.
Learning is assessed through a combination of badges earned for reading, completing quizzes, engaging with content, and teacher evaluations of presentations. This data provides insights into the effectiveness of the program in increasing Dhivehi content consumption and language fluency.
Students document real-life encounters related to the learned topics in their journals, encouraging application and retention of knowledge.
Sources
Bushman rock painting of a large group of human figures and animals. chrisdavies/Shutterstock.com. Image ID 1566437596. Accessed January 18, 2025
Performance of dolphins in the Dolphinarium. Two dolphins swim in the pool holding the ball with their noses. Frame 2016/Shutterstock.com. Image ID 1039801418. Accessed September 9, 2023
Classical conditioning or Pavlovian or respondent conditioning for learning new stimulus. Piccine26/Shutterstock.com. Image ID 1944150721. Accessed January 18, 2025
CIRCA 1950s - A little white mouse learns to navigate a maze in order to reach the food at the other end as part of scientific research. Rick Ray/Shutterstock.com. Image ID 1060950925. Accessed January 18, 2025
1950s: B. F. Skinner holding pigeon in lab, puts pigeon in box, puts other pigeon in cage. AV Geeks/Shutterstock.com. Image ID 1049759446. Accessed January 18, 2025
1950s: Machine graphs data on paper. Pigeon pecking at button in box. AV Geeks/Shutterstock.com. Image ID 1049759446. Accessed January 18, 2025
Cherry, K. (2021, February 20). History and key concepts of behavioral psychology. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/behavioral-psychology-4157183#a-brief-history-of-behaviorism
Riyaz. Zahir. Zulfa (Vol. 11, No. 2, December 2023 pp. 89-95). Unravelling the Forces Behind Language Endangerment: An Overview of Dhivehi Language Loss and Preservation Strategies. The Maldives National Journal of Research. https://mnjr.mnu.edu.mv/journal/article/download/144/105/306
Midjourney (2025)
Runway (2025)
VEED.IO (2025)
Gemini 1.5 (2025) All texts run through Gemini for format, grammer check and flow with the prompt "Could you please rewrite the following while correcting grammer and suggesting a good flow, stick to original text and context .... "